NSH 2023 -- Decalcification is routinely used technique in most histopathological laboratories for the microscopic examination and the bone decalcification has been used in histology processing for many years. The purpose of decalcification is to remove calcium salts from mineralized tissue, resulting in preservation of organic components.

ISSX NA 2023 -- Oligonucleotides have emerged as a promising therapeutic area, particularly for diseases where conventional drugs have not found success. Oligonucleotides are usually modified to improve delivery, stability and pharmacokinetic profiles.

ISSX NA 2023 -- In vitro models play key roles in drug discovery, allowing for the prediction of in vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) parameters while minimizing cost and maximizing throughput. Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are often used as a liver model to predict metabolic stability and intrinsic clearance (CLint) of new drug compounds.

ISSX NA 2023 -- Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are a class of enzymes that oxidize a wide variety of xenobiotics, particularly by oxygenation of nucleophilic nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms.

SPS 2023 -- Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme that plays a role in maintaining acid-base balance. There are 13 human isoforms, with CA-I and CA-II highly expressed in red blood cells catalysing the interconversion of CO2 to HCO3, supporting CO2 transport and excretion.

SPS 2023 -- The head twitch response (HTR) is a rhythmic paroxysmal rotational head movement that occurs in mice in response to serotonergic hallucinogens and serotonin (5-HT2A) receptor activation.

SPS 2023 -- The new ICH E14/S7B Q&A guideline introduces the concept of "double negative" (negative hERG and negative in vivo QTc) nonclinical data, which can be used along with negative Phase I clinical QTc data to substitute for a clinical thorough QT study in specific cases (Q&As 5.1 and 6.1).

SPS 2023 -- Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulating messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics and vaccines are an established and emerging drug modality for various indications.

ESCCA 2023 -- With the recent advances in cancer vaccines and the use of immunotherapy for treatment of multiple tumor types, immune monitoring has become increasingly critical to define patient immunological profiles and guide treatment decisions.